Theory of Fire and Classification of Fire.
Theory of Fire?
Fire: Fire is a rapid oxidation process, which is a chemical reaction resulting in the evolution of light and heat in varying intensities. (NFPA - 921)
How many Components of Fire?
There are Four Components of Fire.
1. Fuel.
2. Heat.
3. Oxygen.
4. Chain Reaction.
FUEL: Any substance whether solid, liquid, or gaseous form which will burn is termed as Fuel.
SOLID - (Ordinary Combustible Materials).
LIQUID - (Flammable & Combustible.
Liquids) GAS - (Flammable Gasses).
HEAT: Source of heat includes.
Sun.
Friction.
Open Flame.
Hot Surface.
Spark & Arc.
Chemical Reaction.
Electrical Energy.
OXYGEN :
Oxygen 20.9%
Nitrogen 78%
Argon gases 0.90%
Other gases 0.17%
Carbon dioxide 0.03%
Normal air contains 21% oxygen. If this level drops from 21% to 16% then still fire will occur If this level drops from 16% then the fire will not occur but the smoldering process would be there.
If these elements are not combined in right proportional, the Fire will not occur.
Fire Tetrahedron
If these elements are not combined in right proportional, the Fire will not occur.
This chain reaction is the feedback of heat to the fuel to produce the gaseous fuel used in the flame. In other words, the chain reaction provides the heat necessary to maintain the fire.
Extinction Of Fire
FUEL - STARVATION.
OXYGEN - SMOTHERING.
COOLING - HEAT.
SMOTHERING
Removal of Oxygen
Accomplished by flooding the area with an inert gas that is heavier than air such as Carbon Dioxide. Use CO2, Foam Fire Extinguisher, or Fire Blanket.
COOLING -
Using water to reduce the temperature of the fuel to a point where it does not produce sufficient vaporous to burn. Application of water.
Classification Of Fire
Class - A
Class A fires are fires in ordinary combustibles such as wood, paper, cloth, rubber, and many plastics.
Class - B
Class B fires are fires in flammable liquids such as gasoline, petroleum greases, tars, oils, oil-based paints, solvents, alcohols. Class B fires also include flammable gases such as propane and butane. Class B fires do not include fires involving cooking oils and grease.
Class - C
Class C fires are fires involving energized electrical equipment such as computers, servers, motors, transformers, and appliances. Remove the power and the Class C fire becomes one of the other classes of fire.
Class - D
Class D fires are fires in combustible metals such as magnesium, titanium, zirconium, sodium, lithium, and potassium.
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